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Disclaimer / Limitations
This country’s legal measures were reviewed by our legal staff in consultation with in-country lawyers and/or CRVS legal experts. All efforts were made to ensure the accuracy of the legal analysis, however, if you consider there to be any discrepancies or if there have been changes in the law of the country since our staff last updated the legal analysis, we welcome any additional information or insights. Please contact us via this form.
Stillbirth Reporting
Ghana
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Ghana
Stillbirth Reporting
Universal Reporting
Universal Reporting
Definition
Does the law provide a definition of fetal death? If yes, does the definition of fetal death accord with international guidelines?
Yes fetal death is defined by law and accords with International Guidelines
Recommended Practice based on International Guidelines
Death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy.
Death of an embryo or fetus may be diagnosed in utero by absence of heart sounds, confirmed by imaging techniques where available, or after the complete expulsion or extraction from a woman by absence of signs of life. Signs of life at birth include breathing, beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord and definite movement of voluntary muscles whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. Any such signs of life indicate a "live birth" even if that is followed by death very shortly afterwards.
The Registration of Births and Deaths Act defines “foetal death” as “death before the complete expulsion or extraction from the mother of a baby irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which does not breathe or show any other evidence of life like the beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definite movement of voluntary muscles”.
Does the law provide a definition of, or criteria for stillbirth? If yes, does the definition of or criteria for stillbirth accord with international guidelines?
No
Recommended Practice based on International Guidelines
A stillbirth is a sub-category of fetal death, that meets criteria defined by the country. Stillbirth is the complete expulsion or extraction from a woman of a fetus, following its death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction, at 22 or more completed weeks of gestation.
For international reporting it is recommended to report stillbirths of 28 or more completed weeks of gestation (late stillbirth). Countries with ability for reporting stillbirths of 22 or more completed weeks of gestation (early stillbirth) are recommended to do so. When information on gestational age is unavailable for spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, use birthweight less than 500 grams as the criteria.
The Registration of Births and Deaths Act contains no definition of “stillbirth”, only a definition of “foetal death”.
Law Source
Reporting
What system(s) are used to report stillbirths?
Civil registration
Recommended Practice based on International Guidelines
Reporting and recording of stillbirths only has a statistical function. There is no legal or administrative function. In some countries, the process for reporting stillbirths is through the civil registration system, in a similar manner as for reporting and registering births and deaths, so that statistics can be generated via the Vital Statistics procedures. In other countries stillbirth reporting is done only within the health sector. Some countries have a hybrid systems with reporting undertaken through both systems.
Fetal deaths are reported as part of the civil registration system, in a manner similar to other deaths. The national Registrar and the District Registers keep registers of fetal deaths that are separate from the registers of births and deaths.
No law mandating health sector records of fetal deaths or stillbirths was located , although, in practice, it appears that stillbirth statistics are kept in the District Health Information Management System.
